「光る君へ」に学ぶ日本史 直秀の最期 架空人物だが生きていた!? 毎熊克哉が人気 強盗が多発した平安時代は死刑が廃止されていた!藤原道長と紫式部の王朝文化の影 Japan

「光る君へ」に学ぶ日本史 直秀の最期 架空人物だが生きていた!? 毎熊克哉が人気 強盗が多発した平安時代は死刑が廃止されていた!藤原道長と紫式部の王朝文化の影 Japan

Naohide’s end Learning about Japanese history from “To Shine” he was actually alive Naohide is a fictional character who appears in “Hikaru Kimi e”. The story is about him being a robber, captured with his comrades, and finally killed. However, during the Heian period, when Murasaki Shikibu and Fujiwara no Michinaga lived, there

Is no record of the death penalty being carried out for approximately 350 years. In other words, he was not executed just because he was a violent criminal. Although it is a drama, there are some contradictions in the story.

Since the death penalty had been abolished at this time, the story would make sense if Naohide was not killed and was exiled to live on. Naohide is of course a fictional character, but he lived in a time when he could not be executed just because he was a robber or a thug.

Let’s take a closer look at why the death penalty was abolished in this era, and why there were so many robbers like Naohide. The last record of the death penalty at that time is that of Fujiwara Nakanari, Yakuko’s older brother, during the Yakuko Rebellion in 810, the first year of Konin, and there

Have been no records of executions for 346 years. . Of course, during the time when Murasaki Shikibu and Fujiwara no Michinaga lived, there is no record of the death penalty in literary sources. The death penalty was reinstated with the execution of MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi in 1156, the first year of Hogen.

This was over 100 years after Murasaki Shikibu and Michinaga died. Minamoto no Yoritomo was exiled to Izu in 1160, the first year of Eireki, and since the death penalty had been reinstated at that time, Yoritomo escaped the death penalty and was exiled.

So why has the death penalty been abolished for the past 350 years? The prevailing theory is that this was because Buddhism and Confucianism had a great influence at the time, and death was considered an injury. There is also a theory that this is due to the deep-rooted belief in vengeful spirits,

And fear of the curse of those who have been put to death. In other words, it is thought that the people of the Heian period abolished the death penalty out of fear of death and vengeful spirits. If this is the case, it is even more unnatural that the officials killed Naohide and others

To save themselves time. Anyway, why did so many robbers like Naohide appear? In the Heian period, common people were forced to live a miserable life, stealing the hair of corpses, as shown in Ryunosuke Akutagawa’s novel “Rashomon.” As seen in the video “What is Murasaki Shikibu’s salary?”, there was an extremely unequal

Society at the time, with the income difference between aristocrats and commoners several hundred times greater. Only a handful of upper class aristocrats in Kyoto were able to live an elegant life. The history book “Honcho Century” dated April 24, 1995, the year in which Fujiwara

No Michitaka and Michikane died one after another, describes the state of Kyoto as follows. “There were tons of corpses filling the road. People passing by covered their noses from the stench and hurried past.” “The birds that pecked at the carcass and the wild dogs that devoured the carrion had

Grown tired of eating it, and the corpse was simply left to rot.” Even the capital was in a state of more than that. Particularly at that time, smallpox, smallpox, typhoid fever, diphtheria, measles, dysentery, and malaria were prevalent. FUJIWARA no Michikane is also known as the “seven-day Kanpaku” because he died of smallpox

Just a few days after succeeding his older brother Michitaka. In this year, of the 12 nobles of Chunagon or higher rank, only four, including Michinaga, survived. It was precisely because of the epidemic that Fujiwara Michinaga was able to become the most powerful person.

Regardless, the mortality rate for smallpox remained at 25% even in the Meiji period, so it is thought that many more people died during the Heian period. In addition to the spread of the epidemic, there are also records of earthquakes occurring in various parts of Japan.

There are also records that people who lost their families and jobs in rural areas gathered in Kyoto. The average lifespan of Japanese people was 14.6 years during the Jomon period, but it did not increase much to 15.2 years from the Heian period to the Muromachi period.

Considering that the average life expectancy of Japanese people in 2022 (Reiwa 4) will be 81.05 years for men and 87.09 years for women, it feels like a world apart. From the above, it can be said that the Heian period was a time in which it was difficult

For people to live outside of the capital, Kyoto, and around the Imperial Palace. At that time, rituals and banquets related to Shinto Buddhism and Onmyodo, poetry gatherings, bakuchi, horse racing, sumo wrestling, visiting temples and shrines, and sightseeing at scenic spots were all actively held at the imperial court.

There are also frequent drinking parties called Fuchisui. Michikane Fujiwara’s cause of death was an epidemic, but his older brother Michitaka’s death was said to have been caused by worsening diabetes caused by excessive drinking. Sanesuke Fujiwara wrote in his diary, “Shoyuki,” that “Today’s daily public affairs are like a ridiculous and humorous play.”

If the common people of the time saw the disorderly behavior of the imperial court, there was no way they would not be jealous. As a result, robberies targeting the Imperial Palace and the residences of aristocrats have been occurring frequently since around 980.

It is quite possible that a trouble-minded young man like Naohide could have committed robbery as a thief in order to expose the wrongdoings of the aristocrats. And it was the prosecutorial police who cracked down on these crimes. However, this kenbiishi was an organization that functioned as modern-day police, prosecutors, and courts.

The prosecutor’s office is in charge of everything from investigating crimes to arresting criminals and determining punishment. Therefore, if he was caught by the prosecutor, he had no way of complaining no matter what was done to him. In fact, there is a record that even Cloistered Emperor Hanayama was unable to oppose the kenbiishi.

Below the senior level, the kenbiishi held positions such as warden, subordinate, and hibun. A pardoned person is literally a former criminal who has been forgiven. As a matter of course, bribes and underhanded tactics are rampant. Eventually, the imperial court became weaker and the civil servant system of prosecutors and prosecutors collapsed.

The Imperial court government, which is in financial trouble, appoints a local influential person as a prosecutor to maintain public order in the region. This eventually led to the rise of powerful local samurai, but the kenbishi themselves began to act tyrannically.

Although it dates back a bit, Mori Ogai’s “Sansho Dayu” thoroughly depicts the villainy of local powerful people. The era in which Murasaki Shikibu and Fujiwara no Michinaga lived was a time when such signs were beginning to emerge. A beautiful dynastic culture flourished in the imperial court during the Heian period,

But in the shadow of this, millions of people were suffering the hardships of being left behind.

直秀は「光る君へ」に登場する架空の人物だが、義賊として強盗を繰り返し、捕縛され殺される。しかし平安時代は350年間に渡って死刑が廃止されていたので、現実とはつじつまが合わないのだが・

作曲 秋山裕和
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